Which of the following are required for Life-Cycle Assurance?
正解: C
Section: Security Operation Adimnistration Explanation/Reference: Security testing and trusted distribution are required for Life-Cycle Assurance. The following answers are incorrect: System Architecture and Design specification. Is incorrect because System Architecture is not requried for Life- Cycle Assurance. Security Testing and Covert Channel Analysis. Is incorrect because Covert Channel Analysis is not requried for Life-Cycle Assurance. Configuration Management and Trusted Facility Management. Is incorrect because Trusted Facility Management. is not requried for Life-Cycle Assurance.
SSCP 試験問題 542
Which access control model would a lattice-based access control model be an example of?
正解: A
Explanation/Reference: In a lattice model, there are pairs of elements that have the least upper bound of values and greatest lower bound of values. In a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) model, users and data owners do not have as much freedom to determine who can access files. TIPS FROM CLEMENT Mandatory Access Control is in place whenever you have permissions that are being imposed on the subject and the subject cannot arbitrarily change them. When the subject/owner of the file can change permissions at will, it is discretionary access control. Here is a breakdown largely based on explanations provided by Doug Landoll. I am reproducing below using my own word and not exactly how Doug explained it: FIRST: The Lattice A lattice is simply an access control tool usually used to implement Mandatory Access Control (MAC) and it could also be used to implement RBAC but this is not as common. The lattice model can be used for Integrity level or file permissions as well. The lattice has a least upper bound and greatest lower bound. It makes use of pair of elements such as the subject security clearance pairing with the object sensitivity label. SECOND: DAC (Discretionary Access Control) Let's get into Discretionary Access Control: It is an access control method where the owner (read the creator of the object) will decide who has access at his own discretion. As we all know, users are sometimes insane. They will share their files with other users based on their identity but nothing prevent the user from further sharing it with other users on the network. Very quickly you loose control on the flow of information and who has access to what. It is used in small and friendly environment where a low level of security is all that is required. THIRD: MAC (Mandatory Access Control) All of the following are forms of Mandatory Access Control: Mandatory Access control (MAC) (Implemented using the lattice) You must remember that MAC makes use of Security Clearance for the subject and also Labels will be assigned to the objects. The clearance of the Subject must dominate (be equal or higher) the clearance of the Object being accessed. The label attached to the object will indicate the sensitivity leval and the categories the object belongs to. The categories are used to implement the Need to Know. All of the following are forms of Non Discretionary Access Control: Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Rule Based Access Control (Think Firewall in this case) The official ISC2 book says that RBAC (synonymous with Non Discretionary Access Control) is a form of DAC but they are simply wrong. RBAC is a form of Non Discretionary Access Control. Non Discretionary DOES NOT equal mandatory access control as there is no labels and clearance involved. I hope this clarifies the whole drama related to what is what in the world of access control. In the same line of taught, you should be familiar with the difference between Explicit permission (the user has his own profile) versus Implicit (the user inherit permissions by being a member of a role for example). The following answers are incorrect: Discretionary access control. Is incorrect because in a Discretionary Access Control (DAC) model, access is restricted based on the authorization granted to the users. It is identity based access control only. It does not make use of a lattice. Non-discretionary access control. Is incorrect because Non-discretionary Access Control (NDAC) uses the role-based access control method to determine access rights and permissions. It is often times used as a synonym to RBAC which is Role Based Access Control. The user inherit permission from the role when they are assigned into the role. This type of access could make use of a lattice but could also be implemented without the use of a lattice in some case. Mandatory Access Control was a better choice than this one, but RBAC could also make use of a lattice. The BEST answer was MAC. Rule-based access control. Is incorrect because it is an example of a Non-discretionary Access Control (NDAC) access control mode. You have rules that are globally applied to all users. There is no such thing as a lattice being use in Rule-Based Access Control. References: AIOv3 Access Control (pages 161 - 168) AIOv3 Security Models and Architecture (pages 291 - 293)
SSCP 試験問題 543
Which of the following computer recovery sites is the least expensive and the most difficult to test?
正解: D
Is the least expensive because it is basically a structure with power and would be the most difficult to test because you would have to install all of the hardware infrastructure in order for it to be operational for the test. The following answers are incorrect: non-mobile hot site. Is incorrect because it is more expensive then a cold site and easier to test because all of the infrastructure is in place. mobile hot site. Is incorrect because it is more expensive then a cold site and easier to test because all of the infrastructure is in place. warm site. Is incorrect because it is more expensive then a cold site and easier to test because more of the infrastructure is in place.
SSCP 試験問題 544
Which of the following is defined as the most recent point in time to which data must be synchronized without adversely affecting the organization (financial or operational impacts)?
正解: A
Section: Risk, Response and Recovery Explanation/Reference: The recovery point objective (RPO) is the maximum acceptable level of data loss following an unplanned "event", like a disaster (natural or man-made), act of crime or terrorism, or any other business or technical disruption that could cause such data loss. The RPO represents the point in time, prior to such an event or incident, to which lost data can be recovered (given the most recent backup copy of the data). The recovery time objective (RTO) is a period of time within which business and / or technology capabilities must be restored following an unplanned event or disaster. The RTO is a function of the extent to which the interruption disrupts normal operations and the amount of revenue lost per unit of time as a result of the disaster. These factors in turn depend on the affected equipment and application(s). Both of these numbers represent key targets that are set by key businesses during business continuity and disaster recovery planning; these targets in turn drive the technology and implementation choices for business resumption services, backup / recovery / archival services, and recovery facilities and procedures. Many organizations put the cart before the horse in selecting and deploying technologies before understanding the business needs as expressed in RPO and RTO; IT departments later bear the brunt of user complaints that their service expectations are not being met. Defining the RPO and RTO can avoid that pitfall, and in doing so can also make for a compelling business case for recovery technology spending and staffing. For the CISSP candidate studying for the exam, there are no such objectives for "point of time," and "critical time." Those two answers are simply detracters. Reference: http://www.wikibon.org/Recovery_point_objective_/_recovery_time_objective_strategy
SSCP 試験問題 545
Which of the following security controls might force an operator into collusion with personnel assigned organizationally within a different function in order to gain access to unauthorized data?
正解: A
The questions specifically said: "within a different function" which eliminate Job Rotation as a choice. Management monitoring of audit logs is a detective control and it would not prevent collusion. Changing passwords regularly would not prevent such attack. This question validates if you understand the concept of separation of duties and least privilege. By having operators that have only the minimum access level they need and only what they need to do their duties within a company, the operations personnel would be force to use collusion to defeat those security mechanism. Source: TIPTON, Hal, (ISC)2, Introduction to the CISSP Exam presentation.