Explanation

Box 1:
To monitor threats by using sensors, you would use Azure Advanced Threat Protection (ATP).
Azure Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) is a cloud-based security solution that leverages your on-premises Active Directory signals to identify, detect, and investigate advanced threats, compromised identities, and malicious insider actions directed at your organization.
Sensors are software packages you install on your servers to upload information to Azure ATP.
Box 2:
To enforce MFA based on a condition, you would use Azure Active Directory Identity Protection.
Azure AD Identity Protection helps you manage the roll-out of Azure Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) registration by configuring a Conditional Access policy to require MFA registration no matter what modern authentication app you are signing in to.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-advanced-threat-protection/what-is-atp
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/identity-protection/howto-identity-protection-configure-m

Explanation
Azure AD Identity Protection includes two risk policies: sign-in risk policy and user risk policy. A sign-in risk represents the probability that a given authentication request isn't authorized by the identity owner.
There are several types of risk detection. One of them is Anonymous IP Address. This risk detection type indicates sign-ins from an anonymous IP address (for example, Tor browser or anonymous VPN). These IP addresses are typically used by actors who want to hide their login telemetry (IP address, location, device, etc.) for potentially malicious intent.
You can configure the sign-in risk policy to require that users change their password.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/identity-protection/howto-sign-in-risk-policy

Explanation
In Azure you only pay for outbound traffic which is charged in GB as you are entitled to 5GB in a month but afterwards you pay for data being transferred out. However, with inbound data traffic into your environment, this is free.