Section: Access Control
Explanation/Reference:
Constrained user interfaces limit the functions that can be selected by a user.
Another method for controlling access is by restricting users to specific functions based on their role in the system. This is typically implemented by limiting available menus, data views, encryption, or by physically constraining the user interfaces.
This is common on devices such as an automated teller machine (ATM). The advantage of a constrained user interface is that it limits potential avenues of attack and system failure by restricting the processing options that are available to the user.
On an ATM machine, if a user does not have a checking account with the bank he or she will not be shown the
"Withdraw money from checking" option. Likewise, an information system might have an "Add/Remove Users" menu option for administrators, but if a normal, non-administrative user logs in he or she will not even see that menu option. By not even identifying potential options for non-qualifying users, the system limits the potentially harmful execution of unauthorized system or application commands.
Many database management systems have the concept of "views." A database view is an extract of the data stored in the database that is filtered based on predefined user or system criteria. This permits multiple users to access the same database while only having the ability to access data they need (or are allowed to have) and not data for another user. The use of database views is another example of a constrained user interface.
The following were incorrect answers:
All of the other choices presented were bogus answers.
The following reference(s) were used for this question:
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 1989-2002). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.

Explanation/Reference:
To the untrusted host, all traffic seems to originate from the proxy server and addresses on the trusted network are not revealed.
"User base" is incorrect. The proxy hides the origin of the request from the untrusted host.
"Operating system design" is incorrect. The proxy hides the origin of the request from the untrusted host.
"Net BIOS' design" is incorrect. The proxy hides the origin of the request from the untrusted host.
References:
CBK, p. 467
AIO3, pp. 486 - 490

Explanation/Reference:
An inside attack is an attack initiated by an entity inside the security perimeter, an entity that is authorized to access system resources but uses them in a way not approved by those who granted the authorization whereas an outside attack is initiated from outside the perimeter, by an unauthorized or illegitimate user of the system. An active attack attempts to alter system resources to affect their operation and a passive attack attempts to learn or make use of the information from the system but does not affect system resources.
Source: SHIREY, Robert W., RFC2828: Internet Security Glossary, may 2000.