Correct answer D. DML.
The Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used to work with the data stored in a database. DML includes the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands.
The Data Definition Language (DDL) contains the commands used to create and structure a relational database. It includes the CREATE, ALTER, and DROP commands.
DDL and DML are the only two sublanguages of SQL.

Data cleansing is a critical process in data analytics to ensure the accuracy and quality of data. The reasons to undertake data cleansing include:
Missing Data (B): Missing data can lead to incomplete analysis and biased results. It is essential to identify and address gaps in the dataset to maintain the integrity of the analysis1.
Invalid Data (D): Invalid data includes entries that are out of range, improperly formatted, or illogical (e.g., a negative age). Such data can corrupt analysis and lead to incorrect conclusions1.
Other options, such as non-parametric data (A), are not inherently errors but refer to a type of data that doesn't assume a normal distribution. Duplicate data and redundant data (E) could also be reasons for data cleansing, but they are not listed as options to select from in the provided image details. Normalized data (F) refers to data that has been processed to fit into a certain range or format and is typically not a reason for data cleansing.
Reference:
Understanding the importance of data quality and the impacts of missing and invalid data on research outcomes1.
Best practices in data cleansing2.
Data cleansing is required for various reasons, two of which are missing data (B) and invalid data (D). From the table provided, we can infer the necessity of cleansing in the context of ensuring data integrity and consistency. Missing data refers to the absence of data where it is expected, which can hinder analysis due to incomplete information. Invalid data refers to data that is incorrect, out of range, or in an inappropriate format, which can lead to inaccuracies in any analysis or report. Both these issues can significantly affect the outcomes of any data-related operations and thus need to be rectified through the data cleansing process.

The SQL query provided is selecting all records from the Cust_table where the age column has values greater than 60 and the City column matches "New York". The > operator selects values that are strictly greater than the comparison value, so it does not include customers aged exactly 60. The term "New York" in the context of a city database typically refers to New York City, not the state of New York. Therefore, the correct answer is that the analyst is retrieving data for all customers older than age 60 in New York City.
Reference:
The use of the > operator in SQL is to select values greater than the specified value1.
Understanding the WHERE clause in SQL and its use in filtering records based on specified conditions2.
Clarification on the distinction between city and state names in database records3.

This is because Microsoft Excel is a type of software application that allows users to create, edit, and analyze data in spreadsheets, which are composed of rows and columns of cells that can store various types of data, such as numbers, text, or formulas. Microsoft Excel can be used for calculations and pivot tables, which are two common features or functions in data analysis. Calculations are mathematical operations or expressions that can be performed on the data in the cells, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, average, sum, etc. Pivot tables are interactive tables that can summarize and display the data in different ways, such as by grouping, filtering, sorting, or aggregating the data based on various criteria or categories. The other software applications are not used for calculations and pivot tables. Here is why:
IBM SPSS is a type of software application that allows users to perform statistical analysis and modeling on data sets, such as regression, correlation, ANOVA, etc. IBM SPSS does not use spreadsheets or cells to store or manipulate data, but rather uses data views or variable views to display the data in rows and columns. IBM SPSS does not have pivot tables as a feature or function, but rather has output views or charts to display the results of the analysis.
SAS is a type of software application that allows users to perform data management and analysis using a programming language that consists of statements and commands. SAS does not use spreadsheets or cells to store or manipulate data, but rather uses data sets or tables that are stored in libraries or folders. SAS does not have pivot tables as a feature or function, but rather has procedures or macros that can produce summary tables or reports based on the data.
Domo is a type of software application that allows users to create and share dashboards and visualizations that display data from various sources and systems, such as databases, cloud services, or web applications. Domo does not use spreadsheets or cells to store or manipulate data, but rather uses connectors or APIs to access and integrate the data from different sources. Domo does not have pivot tables as a feature or function, but rather has cards or widgets that can show different aspects or metrics of the data.