The key goal of the containment stage in an incident response process is to limit further damage from occurring. This involves taking immediate steps to isolate the affected systems or network segments to prevent the spread of the incident and mitigate its impact. Containment strategies can be short-term, to quickly stop the incident, or long-term, to prepare for the eradication and recovery phases.

The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a knowledge base of cybercriminals' adversarial behaviors based on cybercriminals' known tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs). It helps security teams model, detect, prevent and fight cybersecurity threats by simulating cyberattacks, creating security policies, controls and incident response plans, and sharing information with other security professionals. It is an open-source project that evolves with input from a global community of cybersecurity professionals1. Reference: What is the MITRE ATT&CK Framework? | IBM

Compensating controls are alternative controls that provide a similar level of protection as the original controls, but are used when the original controls are not feasible or cost-effective. In this case, the CISO implemented compensating controls by reviewing logs and audit trails to mitigate the risk of error and fraud in payroll management, since segregating duties was not possible due to the small staff size

A compensating control is an alternative measure that provides a similar level of protection as the original control, but is used when the original control is not feasible or cost-effective. In this case, the CISO should develop a compensating control to mitigate the risk of the vulnerability in the ACE software, such as implementing additional monitoring, firewall rules, or encryption, until the issue can be fixed permanently by the developers. Reference: CompTIA CySA+ Study Guide: Exam CS0-003, 3rd Edition, Chapter 5, page 197; CompTIA CySA+ CS0-003 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 5, page 205.