The netstat -tulpn command is used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. The -tulpn options specifically show TCP and UDP connections with the process ID and the name that is listening on each port, which would provide the necessary information to identify if FTP is running and on which port without turning the service off. This information can then be used to create a precise firewall rule to prevent the FTP service from being exploited.

A downgrade attack likely exploited the outdated OpenSSL version, allowing the attacker to bypass secure encryption and impersonate the user. Upgrading to a secure version of OpenSSL and disabling older versions is critical.

Having developers use the company's VPN can provide them with secure access to the network while still allowing the company to block normal internet traffic from the other country. A jump box serves as a secure entry point for administrators or in this case, developers, to connect before launching any administrative tasks or accessing further areas of the network. This setup maintains security while still providing necessary access.

DRM prevents theft of IP either done deliberately or unintentionally.